[C++] Algoritmo de ordenamiento por mezcla - Merge Sort

El algoritmo de ordenamiento por mezcla (merge sort en inglés) es un algoritmo de ordenamiento externo estable basado en la técnica divide y vencerás. Es de complejidad O(n log n), fue desarrollado en 1945 por John Von Neumann

In computer science, merge sort (also commonly spelled mergesort) is an efficient, general-purpose, comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations produce a stable sort, which means that the implementation preserves the input order of equal elements in the sorted output. Mergesort is a divide and conquer algorithm that was invented by John von Neumann in 1945. A detailed description and analysis of bottom-up mergesort appeared in a report by Goldstine and Neumann as early as 1948.